What you describe is very standard DAM functionality. You will not only find it in
all DAM solutions but in filebrowsers also;
Some DAM examples are Phase One Media Pro, Idimager, Lightroom, etc
A often used file browser is Adobe Bridge
You could even try free software like Picasa, Microsoft Photogallery, Exiftool or XnView to do what you want.
I think it's more important to know how your workflow is going to be (will you be using controlled vocabularies i.e.), then you have to find ou wich software does support that the closest.
There can be found a lot of information about it on this forum and on the dpBestflow site. For example this article about the differences between browsers and DAM's:
http://www.dpbestflow.org/file-management/catalog-software-basics#browsersRoelof